The Living World Q & A
Q.1. Write the answers to the following questions in your words.
(a) What are the differences between plants and animals?
Plants | Animals |
1. Plants cannot move from one place to another. They are anchored to the soil. | 1. Animals can move from one place to another. |
2. Plants prepare their own food with the help of soil,water and sunlight. | 2. Animals cannot prepare their own food. They move in search of food from one place to another. |
3. Plants grow throughout their life. | 3. Animals grow only up to a certain period of their life. |
(b) What are the similarities between plants and animals?
Ans:Both plants and animals increase in height, size and weight as they grow into an adult,They require food to supply energy to carry out the various life processes,They have a fixed life span after which they die etc.
(c) How is the plant kingdom useful to us?
Ans: (1)Plants are used for household as well as industrial purposes.
(2)They provide us with food in the form of fruits, vegetables etc.
(3)Some plants are also used to prepare medicines.
(4)They also support birds which build their nests.
(d) How is the animal kingdom useful to us?
Ans: (1)Dogs, cats, cows, etc. are domesticated. Dogs and cats are used as pets.
(2)Cows, buffaloes, goats, etc. are used for getting their milk.
(3)Sheep is used for obtaining wool.
(4)Horses, oxen, camels and donkeys are used to carry burden and for various other occupations.
(e) What makes living things different from non-living things?
Ans:
Living Things | Non-Living Things |
1. Living things can grow on their own in size, height and weight. | 1. Non-living things do not grow on their own in size, height and weight. |
2. Living things can move from one place to another on their own. | 2. Non-living things can move only if someone moves them. |
3. Living things can reproduce. | 3. Non-living things cannot reproduce. |
4. Living things exhibit responses to various stimuli. | 4. Non-living things do not exhibit responses to various stimuli. |
5. They require food for their growth. | 5. They do not require any food. |
Q.2. What helps them to breathe?
Plant/Animal | Breathing Organs |
A fish | gills |
A snake | external nostrils and lungs. |
A crane | external nose and air sacs in lungs. |
An earthworm | moist skin. |
Man | nose and lungs. |
A banyan tree | microscopic pores (called stomata) present on leaves. |
A caterpillar | trachea which opens at the side in their skin. |
- Fill in the blanks with the proper words from the brackets.
(plants, oxygen, dies, excretion, carbon- dioxide, photosynthesis, stimuli, cells, sunlight, chlorophyll, microscopic pores, responsiveness.)
(a) The process by which plants make their own food is called photosynthesis.
(b) To inhale oxygen and to exhale carbon-dioxide is called respiration.
(c) The elimination of waste substances from the body is called excretion.
(d) The ability to respond to an event is called responsiveness to stimuli.
(e) On completing their lifespan, every living thing dies.
Q.4. Write the uses of these animals and plants.
Animals: Honeybees, sharks, yaks, sheep, earthworms, dogs, bivalves, horses, mice.
Plants: Ginger, mango, eucalyptus, babul (acacia), teak, spinach, aloevera, turmeric, holy basil, karanja, moh, mulberry, grapevine.
Animals Uses:
Animals | Uses |
1. Honeybees | Honey and wax prepared by them is used by us. Beeswax is used in cosmetics like lip – balm, lipgloss, etc. |
2. Sharks | The ‘shark liver oil’ obtained from them is a rich source of vitamins. |
3. Yaks | Milk and meat obtained is used as food. Yaks are also used for carrying loads in mountainous regions. |
4. Sheep | Their fleece is used as a good source of wool. Their meat is used as food. |
5. Earthworms | They convert biodegradable waste to good manure (vermicompost)which can be used in fields and gardens. They are called “friends of farmers” as they make the soil fertile. |
6. Dogs | They are used as pets to guard houses and farms. |
7. Bivalves | Bivalves like oysters are used to obtain pearls used in jewellery making. They are also used as food. |
8. Horses | They are used for pulling carriages, heavy loads and also as means of transport in mountainous regions. |
9. Mice | They are used in research to test medicines, vaccines etc. |
10. Rabbits | They are used as pets and also in research. Their meat is used as food. |
Plants Uses:
Plants | Uses |
1. Ginger | Used as medicine to cure digestive problems of stomach. It is also used as a spice in food. |
2. Mango | It is used to prepare pickles when raw and as a fruit when ripe. It is also used to prepare jam, jelly and in ice-creams. |
3. Eucalyptus | Leaves and oil extracted from it is used as medicine to cure fever, cold and cough. |
4. Babul (Acacia) | It is used as a medicine. Also used as cattle feed. It is used to clean teeth. It was also used to cure leprosy and heal wounds. |
5. Teak (Sag) | Its wood is used to make furniture. |
6. Spinach (Palak) | It is used as a vegetable. |
7. Aloe vera (Korphad) | It is used to treat various skin diseases. Its gel is used as a moisturizer for skin and for treating hair fall. |
8. Turmeric | It is used as a spice and has medicinal properties. It is used for healing wounds and cuts due to its antiseptic properties (i.e. helps to prevent growth of bacteria). |
9. Holy basil (Tulsi) | It is used as medicine to cure cough and cold. It also reduces air pollution and drives away mosquitoes. |
10. Karanja (Jatropha) | It is used as a medicine and its seeds are used to prepare biodiesel. |
11. Moh (Mahwa) [Scientific name: Madhuca longifolia] | The fat extracted from its seeds is used in the manufacture of soaps and detergents. Its bark and flowers are used as medicine. Its leaves are used to feed silkworms which produce Tussar silk. See |
12. Mulberry | The leaves of these trees are used for feeding silkworms which produce silk. The fruits are rich in vitamins. Jam and jelly are also made from them |
13. Grapevine
| Grapes are fruits of a grapevine. They are used for making jam, jelly, juice, wine and are also eaten as fruits. Raisins are prepared from these grapes. |
Q.5. What are the peculiarities of the movements of these living things?
Q.6. Write in detail about how the plants and animals found in your surroundings prove useful or harmful.